How are faults, hypocenters, and epicenters related? rock slippage along fracture called faults occurs at the focus (hypocenter), the point above the focus is the epicenter.
How are faults hypocenters and epicenters related quizlet?
How are faults, hypocenters, and epicenters related? Slippage of rocks that generate earthquakes occur along faults. The hypocenter is the place slippage occurs between the rocks and the epicenter is the location on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter. You just studied 28 terms!
How is the focus related to faults?
The focus is the point within the earth where seismic waves originate; it is centered on the part of the fault that has the greatest movement. The epicenter is on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
What are the 3 fault types?
There are three main types of fault which can cause earthquakes: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Figure 1 shows the types of faults that can cause earthquakes.
Where is the focus of the earthquake located?
The focus is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter.
Which type of seismic waves tend to cause the most damage to human stuff?
S waves are more dangerous than P waves because they have greater amplitude and produce vertical and horizontal motion of the ground surface. The slowest waves, surface waves, arrive last. They travel only along the surface of the Earth. There are two types of surface waves: Love and Rayleigh waves.
Which type of faults are associated with the largest earthquakes Why?
Reverse faults, particularly those along convergent plate boundaries are associated with the most powerful earthquakes, megathrust earthquakes, including almost all of those of magnitude 8 or more. Strike-slip faults, particularly continental transforms, can produce major earthquakes up to about magnitude 8.
Where does the greatest amount of seismic activity occur?
The world’s greatest earthquake belt, the circum-Pacific seismic belt, is found along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, where about 81 percent of our planet’s largest earthquakes occur.
Which type of earthquake will be the most destructive?
Although surface waves travel more slowly than S-waves, they can be much larger in amplitude and can be the most destructive type of seismic wave.
Which geological setting is likely to experience the least amount of seismic activity?
Which geological setting is likely to experience the least amount of seismic activity? convergent-plate boundaries.
What US state has the most earthquakes?
California has more earthquakes that cause damage than any other state. Alaska and California have the most earthquakes (not human-induced).
What is the difference between focus and epicenter prior knowledge?
Keypoints: Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts.
What is the type of stress is responsible for producing a normal fault?
In terms of faulting, compressive stress produces reverse faults, tensional stress produces normal faults, and shear stress produces transform faults.
What type of fault is caused by a divergent boundary?
Reverse faults occur at convergent plate boundaries, while normal faults occur at divergent plate boundaries.
What are the 3 main causes of earthquakes?
5 Main Causes of Earthquakes
- Volcanic Eruptions. The main cause of the earthquake is volcanic eruptions.
- Tectonic Movements. The surface of the earth consists of some plates, comprising of the upper mantle. …
- Geological Faults. …
- Man-Made. …
- Minor Causes.
What are the 10 causes of earthquake?
Things that cause earthquakes
- Groundwater extraction – decrease in pore pressure.
- Groundwater – increase in pore pressure.
- Heavy rain.
- Pore fluid flow.
- High CO2 pressure.
- Building dams.
- Earthquakes.
- No earthquakes (Seismic quiescence)
Where do earthquakes occur most often and why?
Over 80 per cent of large earthquakes occur around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, an area known as the ‘Ring of Fire’; this where the Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the surrounding plates. The Ring of Fire is the most seismically and volcanically active zone in the world.
Which wave causes the most damage to buildings?
Love waves have a particle motion, which, like the S-wave, is transverse to the direction of propagation but with no vertical motion. Their side-to-side motion (like a snake wriggling) causes the ground to twist from side to side, that’s why Love waves cause the most damage to structures.
What does a 4.0 earthquake feel like?
An M 4.0 earthquake could feel like a large truck driving by, while an M 8.0 quake could shake you so much you cannot stand. Usually you will not be able to feel a magnitude 2.5 or lower earthquake.
Why do we have to know the location of an earthquake?
When an earthquake occurs, one of the first questions is “where was it?” The location may tell us what fault it was on and where damage (if any) most likely occurred. … We want to find the location, depth and origin time of an earthquake whose waves arrive at the times measured on each seismograms.
Where are there no earthquakes?
Florida and North Dakota are the states with the fewest earthquakes. Antarctica has the least earthquakes of any continent, but small earthquakes can occur anywhere in the World.
Why do earthquakes occur at subduction zones?
The belt exists along boundaries of tectonic plates, where plates of mostly oceanic crust are sinking (or subducting) beneath another plate. Earthquakes in these subduction zones are caused by slip between plates and rupture within plates. … This zone ‘locks’ between earthquakes, such that stress builds up.