A record of a plant or crop describing the physiological development stage or physical stage. For example, date of tillering (rapid vegetative plant growth stage in wheat), date of flowering, date of physiological maturity, date of planting, etc.
What is phenology and why is it important?
Phenology is nature’s calendar—when cherry trees bloom, when a robin builds its nest and when leaves turn color in the fall. Phenology is a key component of life on earth. … Phenology influences the abundance and distribution of organisms, ecosystem services, food webs, and global cycles of water and carbon.
What is phenological synchrony?
Changes in phenological synchrony, defined as the temporal delay in early or peak phases of occurrence, may have very different effects on consumer–resource systems depending on a number of other features of the full phenological distributions.
What are phenological stages?
Phenological stages were divided into eight of ten possible principal stages: (0) bud development, (1) leaf development, (3) shoot/branch development, (5) inflorescence emergence, (6) flowering, (7) fruit development, (8) fruit maturity and (9) senescence and the beginning of dormancy.
What does Phenophases mean?
An observable stage or phase in the annual life cycle of a plant or animal that can be defined by a start and end point. Phenophases generally have a duration of a few days or weeks. Examples include the period over which newly emerging leaves are visible, or the period over which open flowers are present on a plant.
What happens if phenology changes?
If the phenology of a species is shifting at a different rate from that of the species that make-up its ecological conditions, this will lead to mistiming of its seasonal activities (Visser et al. 2004) or, to use an alternative terminology, to a mismatch in phenology (Stenseth & Mysterud 2002).
How does temperature affect phenology?
Temperature is the major abiotic factor that affects phenology, the seasonal timing of life history events. Climate warming is increasingly disrupting natural phenological patterns, but the consequences of such disruptions on population dynamics and species interactions are poorly understood (1, 2).
What is an example of phenology?
Examples include the date of emergence of leaves and flowers, the first flight of butterflies, the first appearance of migratory birds, the date of leaf colouring and fall in deciduous trees, the dates of egg-laying of birds and amphibia, or the timing of the developmental cycles of temperate-zone honey bee colonies.
What is phenological Behaviour?
Phenology is described as the life cycle phases or activities of plants in their. temporal occurrence throughout the year. These studies permit a phenological. calendar such that the seasons of the year are marked by groups of phenologi- cal events.
What are phenological parameters?
The analysis of the variability of the phenological parameters induced by climate change and variability can allow for more accurate prediction of the timing of planting crops and help improve managerial decisions, through the provision of phenological parameters (such as: start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), …
What is the study of seasons called?
This web page is an introduction to the science called phenology, which studies natural events—season to season and year to year—in an effort to understand the natural cycles of ecosystems.
What is phenological change?
Phenology, or the timing of the annual cycles of plants and animals, is extremely sensitive to changes in climate. We know that plants and animals may adjust the timing of certain phenological events, such as tree flowering or migration, based on changes in weather.
What factors affect plant phenology?
Abstract. Plant phenology, the timing of plant growth and development, is changing in response to global climate change. Changing temperature, soil moisture, nitrogen availability, light, and elevated CO2 are all likely to affect plant phenology.
What is phenological shift?
Phenological shift: changes in the timing of life history events relative to calendar dates. Sensitivity: the causal relationship between environmental conditions (i.e., cues and direct drivers) and an organism’s phenological response.
What does Phenologic mean?
Phenology is defined as the study of the timing of recurring biological events, the causes of their timing with regard to biotic and abiotic forces, and the interrelation among phases of the same or different species (Leith 1974).
What is a range shift?
Range shifts are usually defined as changes of the distribution limits of a species, generally along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients (Doak and Morris, 2010).
Why is phenological research important?
Phenology is not a new science, but it has taken on additional importance in recent decades as a metric for studying the impacts of global climate change on species. As the climate warms and weather patterns are altered, it becomes increasingly vital to quantify the effects of these changes on plants and animals.
What is bud burst?
Bud burst refers to the period in early spring during which grapevines, which have been dormant through the winter, first begin to produce new shoots. During the bud burst phase, the vines are quite susceptible to frost damage.
How do Phenophases relate to phenology?
Phenology is the study of the timing of life cycle events in plants and animals, such as flowering, migration, and crop stages. These life stages, or phenophases, are directly impacted by the local weather and climate, responding to environmental changes such as variations in temperature and precipitation.
Why is it important to know the phenological growth stages of a crop?
The knowledge of timing of phenological events and their variability can provide valuable data for planning, organizing and timely execution of certain standard and special (preventive and protective) agricultural activities that require advanced information on the dates of specific stages of crop development.
What is Phenology quizlet?
What is the definition of phenology? The study of periodic events in the life cycles of animals or plants as influenced by the environment.
How do we measure phenology?
Measurements. Plant phenology is typically quantified by observing the date of onset and the duration of particular phenophases, which may include both vegetative and reproductive events. Specific phenophase definitions have not been universally adopted across monitoring networks.